General Secondary Education Institutions Research Articles

ЕЛЕКТРОННИЙ ЖУРНАЛ  ЯК ІНСТРУМЕНТ ЦИФРОВОЇ ОСВІТНЬОЇ КОМУНІКАЦІЇ: РЕЗУЛЬТАТИ ВСЕУКРАЇНСЬКОГО ОПИТУВАННЯ

The article provides a definition of digital educational communication and considers the issue of using an electronic class register in general secondary education institutions as a digital tool necessary for organizing the educational process in modern conditions. The main advantages and features of the implementation of an electronic class register during distance learning are highlighted. The results of an all-Ukrainian survey of pedagogical workers regarding the use of electronic class register were analyzed and given, during which attention was paid to such aspects as: convenience, correspondence of electronic class register to the paper version, efficiency of using the digital tool, available sections and functionality. On a positive note, the majority of respondents are adopting electronic class registers and consider them to be a necessary tool nowadays, with about half of respondents indicating that they help teachers use their working time effectively. On the other hand, the study shows that the use of electronic class registers has a downside, such as duplicating information on paper, which is required by the administration of the educational institutions, and that is a waste of time. It was found that almost all electronic class registers need some improvement. It was established that they lack some sections, a mobile application or its limited functions or an inconvenient interface, the lack of an opportunity to generate a new sample report card (NUSH), as well as existing problems with the division of the class into subgroups, the correct calculation of the thematic evaluation, transfer of evaluations when a student is transferred to another class or a subgroup, etc. Attention is focused on the need for developers to take into account the comments of practicing teachers in order to improve the quality of a modern digital tool. In general, the results of the study indicate the expediency of involving pedagogical workers in the design of electronic class registers in the future and the need to make certain decisions regarding the improvement of the legal framework for the control of this digital tool and the proper preservation of personal data of students at the state level.

TOOLS FOR DEVELOPING STUDENTS` CRITICAL THINKING IN ART LESSONS IN GENERAL SECONDARY EDUCATION

The relevance of the development of critical thinking among modern students has been determined. The definition of “critical thinking” by well-known researchers is considered, the purpose and tasks, development tools, and conditions for creating an environment for the development of critical thinking are defined. The practical methods of developing critical thinking, which are used in the lessons of musical literacy and practical music making, are substantiated. The question of the formation of critical thinking of students of general secondary education institutions by interactive methods (game, intellectual, artistic association, theatricalization, practical-artistic, socially significant activity, information, activation of independent work, reflection) and with the participation of information technology was studied.

Research of the Problems of Professional Support for Teachers in the Implementation of Inclusive Education

Professional support for teachers plays a crucial role in the implementation of inclusive education. In the study, the concept of “professional support for teachers” refers to the existence of close social ties between the administration (school principal and his deputies), colleagues, parents of children with SEN, and teachers of postgraduate pedagogical education institutions, who are the main resource for professional support. The aim of the study was to identify current problems of professional support for teachers of inclusive education in a general secondary education institution. It is established that the administration of the institution is mainly interested in the formation of additional competencies of teachers. The problems in which teachers need professional support are identified, in particular: increasing incentives to work with children with SEN; involving special educators in the provision of correctional and developmental services; providing funding for institutions to create an inclusive educational environment; conducting educational work with parents to form adequate expectations of their children; providing teachers with practical advice on minimizing unwanted behavior and modifying educational material for children with intellectual difficulties and autism spectrum disorders. It was found that the activity and motivation of parents of children with SEN to cooperate plays an exceptional role in providing support to teachers.

WEB QUEST TECHNOLOGY AS A TOOL FOR THE FORMATION OF IT COMPETENCE OF EDUCATION SEEKERS IN PHYSICS CLASSES

The article reveals the relevance and peculiarities of the application of the "Web Quest" technology in the educational process of general secondary education institutions. The main goal of the research consists in improving the methodical system of competence- oriented teaching of physics based on the "Web-Quest" technology. During the research, the methods of comparative analysis, graphical display of results, visualization method, method of systematization, method of processing survey results and method of summarizing research results were used. A key aspect of this technology is the consideration of students as equal co-participants in the educational process, which involves a mutual relationship where the teacher and students together make decisions, determine goals and methods of achieving educational results. An analysis of the latest research is provided, which testifies to the effectiveness of using the "Web-Quest" technology for the formation of information and digital competence of students, increasing students' interest in the subject, developing critical thinking and independence. An example of the use of an educational web quest in physics on the topic "The influence of a magnetic field on living organisms" is given. The stages of students' work on tasks are revealed. R is elaborated methodical tips for teachers of features designing lessons in physics by application educational Web quest.

Problems of introducing boxing into the system of physical education in educational institutions of Ukraine: the impact on health aspect

The presented work deals with a topical issue for the educational space of modern Ukraine. Considering the fact that Ukrainian society has been facing difficulties caused by the pandemic and the invasion of enemy forces on the territory of the Motherland for several years in a row, the issue of proper physical development of society is extremely important. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the approach to physical education at all levels of education in Ukraine. The authors of this publication propose developing a program component for physical education based on the sport discipline of boxing. An extremely important aspect of this sport was analyzed - its impact on human health. Both negative and positive effects of such an influence were taken into account. It is noted that in boxing, the most significant factor of negative impact on health is the risk of injuries. Cases of upper limb and head injuries are particularly common. Repeated head trauma is a separate problem. At the same time, the positive effects of boxing on the physical fitness of people were revealed, namely, the improvement of the functional capabilities of the musculoskeletal system and the respiratory system. In conclusion, the author's team formulated and proposed key principles based on which it is possible to successfully introduce boxing into the educational environment of Ukraine. It is assumed that by following these principles, it is possible to supplement the current system of physical education in general secondary education institutions with another promising component, which in turn can have a positive effect on the physical education system in higher education institutions. Provided that this program component is systematically used in schools, it will allow the preparation of a generation of physically developed and mentally stable young people with basic self-defense skills. It is also assumed that this component will generate interest among a significant number of students in becoming athlete-boxers, which will have a positive impact on personal growth.

Formation of Information and Digital Competence of the Modern Teacher of the New Ukrainian School

The article examines modern trends in the creation of an informational educational space, the issue of the introduction of information and digital technologies that ensure effective interaction of individuals in society; the essence of the concept of "informational and digital competence" of the teacher of the New Ukrainian School, the structure of the informational and digital competence of the teacher based on integration, namely: technological literacy, deepening of knowledge, creation of means of information provision of the needs of humanity, with the help of technical means; an analysis of international and domestic legal documents regarding the formation of information and digital competence of teachers was carried out. It was determined that in the conditions of the reform of modern education in Ukraine, the formation of the teacher's information and digital competence becomes relevant, and the specific tasks of the development of the educational process during the implementation of the Concept of the New Ukrainian School in general secondary education institutions, where information and digital competence is one of the professional skills of the teacher, are outlined. , the ability to apply information and communication technologies in the educational process of an educational institution, and the ability to receive information and operate it according to one's own needs and requirements in the development of programs, documents, and organization of cooperation. Priorities, technological principles of building an information and educational environment, implementation of effective methods of teaching and access to knowledge, formation of information and digital competencies of the teacher, which is a powerful tool that contributes to the improvement of the process of creation, storage, processing, and distribution of educational materials, intensification of the educational process, increase speed and quality of perception, understanding and assimilation of knowledge by students, as well as joint work with them; the definition of the concept of "information and digital competence" is clarified. The Digital Competence Framework for pedagogical workers is an important tool for the creation of educational standards, assistance in the creation and planning of educational initiatives aimed at increasing the level of digital literacy and the practical use of IT technology tools and services, the development of educational programs by providers of educational services (DigCompEdu), developed European Joint Research Center; their main provisions, the views of researchers regarding the information and digital competence of the teacher, defined according to the professional standard of the teacher, are disclosed because the use of digital technologies in education is currently one of the most important and stable trends in the development of the global educational process.

ОБҐРУНТУВАННЯ ДОЦІЛЬНОСТІ ЗМІН У КАДРОВОМУ МЕНЕДЖМЕНТІ ЗАГАЛЬНОГО ЗАКЛАДУ СЕРЕДНЬОЇ ОСВІТИ: ВІД ТРАДИЦІЙ ДО ГЕНДЕРНОГО ПІДХОДУ

The article considers the expediency of using a gender approach in the management of a general secondary education institution instead of traditional management. It is emphasized that equal conditions of education and training of education seekers should form their equal opportunities. It is noted that professionalism has no gender. It was determined that social stereotypes, which are inherent in the societies of many countries, exist to this day. And if we trace the path of their formation, we will see that it is the school that plays a significant role here. The basic law of the state recognizes that a person is the highest social value. Therefore, education, combining national-cultural and universal human values, should create equal, favorable conditions for the formation of an individual who will recognize the rights of all members of society. Such a person should be the builder of a democratic society. One of such social values is gender equality. It is emphasized that ensuring equal rights of women and men is a fundamentally important component of democratization processes, a marker of Ukraine's European choice, which must be implemented to ensure gender equality; the specifics of applying the gender approach in personality formation are analyzed. It is noted that the emergence of gender educational technologies is connected with the growth of contradictions between the reproduction of patriarchal stereotypes in the interaction of the sexes and the real transformation of gender relations in modern Ukrainian society. One of the tasks facing the Ukrainian scientific school in matters of personnel management is taking into account the peculiarities of the Ukrainian mentality. It was determined that the gender approach in pedagogy is the analysis and reconstruction of the factors of the educational process in the direction of neutralizing gender stereotypes, increasing the social space for the comprehensive development of the individual. The implementation of this task requires great efforts, since the school and teachers remain global bearers of traditional patriarchal ideas about the role and place of men and women in society.

Дослідницька діяльність як невід’ємна складова шкільної біологічної освіти

The article defines the place of research activity in teaching biology in general secondary education, characterizes the components of research activity. The role and possibilities of research activity in the study of biology in the New Ukrainian School are shown. The purpose of the article was to find out the place of research activities during biology lessons in the context of STEM education and its place in school biology education. The following methods were used in the study: theoretical - processing of scientific sources, determining the place of research activity as a component of school biology education; empirical - observation, study of research results, which ensured the determination of the place of research activity in the study of biology at school. The study analyzed model biology programs and determined the place of research tasks in them. The advantages and disadvantages of using research tasks in the study of biology in general secondary education are clarified. It is substantiated that in STEM education, the student becomes not a customer of knowledge but a consumer, and the role of the teacher changes accordingly - he or she becomes a mentor, explaining how to use the potential of technology for their own needs and the needs of society. According to this system of education, the lesson is centered on a research and practical task that needs to be solved, not the teacher as it was before. It is clarified that the main role in teaching biology in general secondary education institutions, and, accordingly, in the training of students - future biology teachers, is played by the introduction of STEM education, which has a practical orientation and includes solving the problems of training an education applicant who is aware of his social responsibility, systematically improves personal and professional growth, and reaches new pedagogical heights.

The use of active teaching methods in the process of studying school geography courses

The article discusses the role of active teaching methods in the educational process of geography, which contribute to activating students’ cognitive activity, preparing them for lifelong self-education, and ensuring the effectiveness and efficiency of knowledge acquisition. The study utilized theoretical methods, namely general scientific methods of investigating reality, comparative-historical and structural methods, as well as empirical methods: surveys, discussions, interviews; observational (observation, self-observation); practimetric (analysis of advanced and mass pedagogical experience, analysis of activity results).Experimental work was carried out in general secondary education institutions in Vinnytsia city and Vinnytsia region.Various views of scientists and respondents on the substantive essence of the concept of «active teaching methods» have been considered. An analysis of the results of a ascertainment experiment was carried out, during which the real state of the problem in teaching practice was clarified. In particular, during discussions, observations in classes, conducting independent work, surveys of teachers and students, we concluded that at the present stage in the educational process of geography, various active forms and methods of teaching are used. However, their advantages and disadvantages are not always taken into account, often the substantive essence is distorted by teachers, thus the effectiveness is neutralized. Many respondents do not associate deep, thoughtful assimilation of knowledge with the need to organize students’ search activities. Therefore, methods that stimulate active independent creative work of students in geography lessons are underestimated. It is noted that active learning is associated by modern students with creativity, innovation, independence, critical thinking, development of communicative abilities, group activities, ability to substantiate their own position, self-confidence, diversity of opinions, peer learning.Methodological features of applying active and interactive teaching methods in geography lessons have been determined, including research, partially search, brainstorming, educational discussion, analysis of problematic situations, intellectual warm-ups, role-playing games. The motives for their implementation, advantages and disadvantages have been identified. In further research, more attention should be paid to the use of interactive teaching methods, STEM technologies in the process of studying geography to unleash the creative potential of students, and to foster critical thinking on this basis.

Studying teachers` readiness for implementing the problem of military-patriotic education among high school students: organization and results of the all-ukrainian survey

The article aims to present the results of an All-Ukrainian survey of teachers from institutions of general secondary education on the problem of military-patriotic education among high school students.
 The All-Ukrainian survey of teachers was conducted nationwide from October to November 2023 (during the ascertainment stage of the research) with the support of regional administrations and local education departments.
 The All-Ukrainian survey was carried out within the framework of the applied research topic “Organizational-Pedagogical Conditions and Technologies for Ensuring the Unity of Physical and Military-Patriotic Education of Students of Institutions of General Secondary Education” based on the Laboratory of National-Patriotic Education of the Institute of Problems on Education of the National Academy of Educational Sciences of Ukraine (the head is L.V. Kanishevska, Doctor of Sciences in Education, Professor). The organizers of the All-Ukrainian survey of teachers were L. V. Kanishevska – Doctor of Sciences in Education, Professor; V.V. Ragozina – Ph.D., Senior Researcher.
 21665 teachers from 19 regions of Ukraine participated in the All-Ukrainian survey. Such a sample ensures the reliability of the survey results on the problem of military-patriotic education. Teachers participated in the survey voluntarily.
 The diagnostic toolkit was developed in Google Forms and presented in digital format (on Google Drive). Access to the questionnaires was provided to respondents by sending appropriate invitations.
 The questionnaire for teachers was aimed to determine the educators’ readiness to implement the problem of military- patriotic education among high school students. For this purpose, the questionnaire included questions regarding the forms and methods used for implementing military-patriotic education in lessons and extracurricular activities, as well as students’ interest in military-patriotic content.
 The research only covers some aspects of addressing the multifaceted issue of high school students’ military-patriotic education in martial law conditions. We see the perspective of further research in developing and testing organizational and pedagogical conditions to ensure the unity of physical and military-patriotic education of high school students in martial law conditions.

State of physical education in urban and rural institutions of general secondary education

The quality of training of higher education students in specialty 014 «Secondary Education (Physical Education)» was and remains an important task of the state. The role of a highly qualified physical education teacher in general secondary education institutions is extremely important today. His professional formation begins even before entering a higher educational institution, namely in the walls of a gymnasium, a lyceum, when the motivation to choose a future profession is formed. However, experience shows that the school stage of training entrants to institutes (faculties) of physical culture is not used enough. First-year students have low physical preparedness, which, in turn, makes it difficult to acquire motor skills in various sports. The purpose of the research: studying the state of physical education in urban and rural institutions of general secondary education and determining its role in the training of future teachers. Research methods: analysis and generalization of educational and scientific literature, questionnaires, surveys. Results of the research. In the course of the study, it was found that the physical preparedness and motor skills of 36,4% of students who entered the first year of a higher educational institution in 2022 are insufficient for quality mastery of educational programs. The students did not possess the level of basic knowledge and skills in physical education that needed to be consolidated and improved within the walls of the lyceum, school, and on their basis to acquire new theoretical and methodical knowledge and form more complex skills in various sports. An anonymous questionnaire, in which 66 students took part (36 persons studied in the city, 24 - in the village, 6 - in urban-type settlements), made it possible to identify a number of reasons for insufficient professional preparation of the entrants to the Faculty of Physical Culture, Sports and Health. Conclusions. Among the reasons that slow down the process of obtaining programmatic learning outcomes by students in the specialty 014 «Secondary Education (Physical Education)» are violations in the system of organizing the educational process and methods of teaching sections of the physical education program in general secondary education institutions.

Dynamics of indicators of general physical fitness of young men in the process of sectional training in athletics

The process of physical education of schoolchildren in institutions of general secondary education should ensure proper physical fitness of its pupils. However, the data of numerous surveys of a wide contingent of students indicate a low level of physical fitness, which is primarily due to insufficient development of physical qualities. The emergence of negative cases during physical education lessons in the institution of general secondary education in recent years requires the use of such effective means that without much stress affect the physical fitness of schoolchildren.
 The purpose of the work is to determine the dynamics of the general physical fitness of 16-17-year-old boys during sectional athletics classes.
 Research results. The established indicators of physical fitness for the experiment formed the basis for further selection of means aimed at increasing the level of physical fitness of high school-aged boys.
 Thus, in the experimental group, a section on athletics for young men was created. Classes were held after school twice a week: on Mondays and Thursdays, lasting 60-90 minutes.
 Classes in the athletics section contribute to better assimilation of the program material, make it possible to significantly expand and deepen the scope of acquired skills and abilities, and increase the level of physical fitness. While conducting the preparatory part of the sectional class (warm-up), we drew the attention of the young men to the need to remember the exercises, their dosage and sequence. It was explained that a properly conducted warm-up helps prevent injuries and more effectively solve the tasks. Periodically, we offered the young men to warm up first in small groups, and then individually. When learning new exercises, in order to avoid mistakes, they were first demonstrated.
 Conclusions. The dynamics of growth rates of physical fitness indicators of young men during sectional athletics shows that the greatest progressive changes were achieved in indicators of speed, endurance and speed-strength qualities.

Rational combination of program modules from sports games within the framework of the "New Ukrainian School" concept to optimize the process of physical education in 5th and 6th grades

Building a rational and effective system of physical education in the field of secondary education is extremely important for Ukraine, especially considering the challenges that our country is facing. Given this, the task of developing a system for students' physical education in general secondary education institutions is of primary importance. The aim of this work is to determine a rational, effective, and expedient method of combining individual program modules available in the content of the model physical education curriculum for 5th and 6th grades, in order to organize a high-quality process of students' physical education. To achieve this goal, modules from such game sports as basketball, handball, and volleyball were selected. Additionally, the aim of the work was to determine the nature of students' and their parents' subjective perception of these sports. Understanding this will allow for a more effective organization of the physical education process according to the proposed program. The research methodology includes a theoretical analysis of available scientific literature and a questionnaire method. The scientific novelty of the work lies in improving the process of organizing physical education in general secondary education institutions, in line with the current educational concept "New Ukrainian School". In conclusion, it is stated that the annual physical education program version, which is based on the combination of such program modules as "basketball", "handball", and "volleyball", can be an extremely effective and productive system of physical education for 5th and 6th grade students. It is predicted that the combination of these types of sports will more comprehensively affect the development of various physical and psychomotor skills. Also it will contribute to the general physical and social development of children.

Unity of physical and military-patriotic education of pupils of basic and senior schools

The article examines the content of the unity of physical and military-patriotic education of primary and high school students. It is noted that the relevance of the study is due to the need of society for a decisive, self- sufficient, self-confident, responsible personality who is able to participate in public life and is ready to defend Ukraine with arms. It is noted that general secondary education institutions do not pay enough attention to the physical and military-patriotic education of primary and high school students under martial law. In many general secondary education institutions, military-patriotic and physical education is organized and conducted at a low scientific and methodological level. In the course of the study, we found out that, given the age characteristics of primary and high school students, teachers should develop their physical fitness and foster readiness to defend Ukraine as a value and motivational fitness for military and patriotic activities.We believe that teachers should adhere to the following tasks and recommendations during educational activities: to conduct lectures, trainings on physical and military-patriotic education aimed at forming the basic components of patriotism, physical and military-patriotic education in students; to involve students in intellectual competitions; to involve students in physical education and sports activities, sports competitions with military- patriotic themes; to involve students in creative games-quests aimed at physical and military-patriotic education. Based on the generalization of the achievements of scientists and practitioners on the problem of physical and military-patriotic education of students, we have identified criteria and indicators of physical and military-patriotic education of primary and high school students, which should be used to determine the levels and more.

Analysis of physical activity programs in general secondary education institutions of EU countries

The purpose of the work is to analyze physical activity programs in institutions of general secondary education in EU countries. Methodology. To achieve the goal, the following research methods were used: analysis and generalization of data from scientific and methodological literature, documentary materials, and Internet sources.The methodology of scientific research is determined by the need to analyze the generalization and systematization of data regarding the experience of European countries in reforming the organization and ensuring the potential of the system of physical education of schoolchildren, which can be used in the practice of the New Ukrainian School.
 The basis of the research methodology is the dialectical method (a method of studying, revealing patterns, trends of development and transformation of reality, which uses the basic laws of dialectics), the scientific method of cognition (a set of basic ways of obtaining new knowledge and methods of solving problems) and a systematic approach that considers the object (system) as a whole set of elements in a set of relations and connections between them.
 The methodological basis of the study was: the methodological foundations of the theory and methods of physical education and sports, which laid down the target guidelines of health-preserving technologies and their fundamental principles.
 The scientific novelty consists in the analysis of physical activity programs in general secondary education institutions of the EU countries.
 Conclusions. A description of physical activity programs in the educational sector of the EU member states and data on a number of indicators (physical education lessons, active movement to general secondary education institutions, physical education breaks, extracurricular sports events) are presented, which allow monitoring of physical education activities in primary and secondary grades. in EU countries.

Methodical mastery of students of physical education faculties as future specialists in the field of teaching gymnastics

The article highlights the theoretical foundations of training future physical education teachers in gymnastics and its teaching methods, defines and substantiates the mastery indicators of this type of activity. At the present time, this problem is also due to the fact that at the current stage of development of the institution of general secondary education, the level of requirements for the professional training of future physical education teachers has significantly increased. The purpose of this work is the theoretical and methodological substantiation, the characteristics of indicators of methodical mastery of future teachers of physical culture in relation to the organization and conduct of gymnastics classes in general secondary education institutions. The analysis of scientific research shows that the training of a physical education teacher requires, first of all, professionally significant knowledge, abilities and skills, as well as the coordination of special personality qualities, namely: proper attitude to professional activity; development of methodical thinking of future teachers of physical education; the ability to work in a team and independently; availability of communication skills; effectively apply acquired knowledge, skills and abilities in professional activities, etc.
 The peculiarities and specifics of educational forms of gymnastics classes in higher education are substantiated for the effective formation of professional skills and skills for conducting various forms of gymnastics classes; mastering practical material and developing the skills of its optimal selection for organizing and conducting gymnastics classes; increasing the level of development of basic motor skills; realization of creative possibilities of students in modeling future professional activity.
 It was established that the methodical mastery of the physical culture teacher is most pronounced in the process of his professional activity in the educational institution, the correspondingly formed system of special knowledge, abilities and skills and the development of the thinking of future specialists.

INTERCULTURAL ASPECT: DIDACTIC AND METHODOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES OF TEACHING A SECOND FOREIGN LANGUAGE IN GENERAL SECONDARY EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS

The article deals with the didactic and methodological principles of teaching a second foreign language in general secondary education institutions in the light of the intercultural aspect. The professional literature on the problem of organizing the educational process of teaching a foreign language and culture in general and German as a second foreign language in particular is analyzed. Attention is focused on the principles of learning as a regulator of thinking and speaking processes of understanding and generating foreign language information. The importance of adherence to the principles and their advantages in the formation of skills and abilities of foreign language communicative competence is presented. The author singles out the principle of visibility, the observance of which involves and interconnects other principles, for example: scientificity, feasibility, creativity and individualization. The rules that can dominate in the development of the educational process of teaching a second foreign language are formulated, where visibility as a didactic principle is internalized in the methodological principle of communicative approach. Examples in German of the implementation of the principle of communicativeness, in particular the principle of real authentic communication, are given. Three aspects for achieving communicative goals with the characteristics of the culture of speech are distinguished. The requirements for compiling teaching and learning materials, which are also an integral component of the educational process of teaching a second foreign language, are specified. The author describes the principle of taking into account the native language and culture, when students learn to realize the culture of the peoples of the language being taught. A comparison of linguistic features in German and Ukrainian socio-cultures is presented. The factor of the phenomenon of culture, which is thematized to students in the educational process through the prism of a foreign language and comparing the facts of the cultural experience of the peoples whose language is studied with the experience of the people whose heritage is the Ukrainian language, is highlighted.

SOCIALISATION CONTEXTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF SCHOOL STUDENTS IN THE CONDITIONS OF DIGITALIZATION OF THE EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT AND WAR: STATUS AND PROBLEMS (based on the materials of the empirical research)

The article presents the materials of a research aimed at identifying the peculiarities of the socialization of students of general secondary education institutions of communal and private forms of ownership in the conditions of digitalization of the educational environment and war, collected through an online survey. Based on the data of the empirical research, the socialization contexts of the development of students of the 5th – 11th grades were singled out; its interpretation was carried out in relation to the actual needs of schoolchildren and satisfaction in the conditions of the educational environment. Socialization contexts are structured into ten lines of development of schoolchildren, namely: social-emotional development, social-communicative interaction, social behaviour, sociallyoriented activity, social activity and initiative, social competence, social well-being, social experience, social (digital) identification, social expectations, which are revealed in an integrative relationship and with a certain penetration of the socio-emotional. Using examples of the features of the socialization contexts of schoolchildren’s development in the conditions of digitalization of the educational environment and war, signs of the manifestation of tendencies are outlined and possible risks of their development are predicted. The study reflects the age-specific peculiarities of thinking and skills of adolescent and senior schoolchildren, their assessment of the situation of social development in the educational environment and the possibilities of their own participation in its optimisation, as well as their idea of an ideal educational environment. The data of the experimental section can also be interpreted in terms of the state of the social component of learning losses in its individual characteristics, and can be used to optimise educational practice, in particular, to design the educational and developmental environment of general secondary education students during the war and in post-war reconstruction.

LEARNING LOSSES: THE COMPLEXITY OF PROBLEM IN THE CONTEXT OF WAR IN UKRAINE

The article deals with the problem of learning losses. The study is theoretical. The authors used the methods of comparative analysis and theoretical generalisation of modern approaches in educational science and practice to the causes of and conditions for overcoming learning losses, studying and interpreting the results of surveys of students and teachers of general secondary education institutions in Ukraine. The authors emphasised that in times of war, learning losses, together with psychological losses, losses at the level of infrastructure, teaching staff, etc. form a set of losses that are considered as losses of the educational system. It is stated that in Ukraine there is a process of developing procedures for studying the war times learning losses, as well as mechanisms for minimising them. The article describes the achievements of researchers of the Institute of Pedagogy of the National Academy of Educational Sciences of Ukraine on overcoming learning losses in primary school and at the level of general secondary education.Based on the research results the authors substantiate key principles that should determine the mechanisms/programmes for minimising and catching up with students’ learning losses: childcentredness: programmes for catching up with learning losses should meet the age and personal needs of students; safe educational environment, which should be physically and emotionally safe and child-friendly; integration of academic subjects to ensure the implementation of state standards aimed at developing key competencies; support for teachers in terms of security, psychological assistance, and professional development, taking into account martial law; consideration of regional and local specifics: the location of an educational institution in the frontline zone, in the occupied territory, in a relatively safe region, and the financial situation of the community. The authors conclude that the experience gained by international organisations and foreign countries in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic is valuable for Ukraine. At the same time, the factors that cause the suspension of the educational process and the work of schools in wartime are of a completely different nature. Given the complexity of learning losses in wartime, it is important to think about a holistic national strategy that would offer multiple and flexible mechanisms for their compensating and overcoming.

Суб’єктивна оцінка стану здоров’я педагогічними працівників з різними рівнями професійного вигорання в умовах соціальної ізоляції та воєнного стану

The aim of the study is to analyze data on the state of health of teachers with different levels of occupational burnout who were in different social conditions of life (social isolation and martial law). Materials and methods. To achieve the goal, the method of V. V. Boiko «Diagnostics of the level of emotional burnout» (1998) and a specially developed questionnaire «Subjective assessment of the state of health, life activities and working conditions of teachers» were used, with the help of which an anonymous survey was conducted general secondary education institutions in the city of Sumy during the period of social isolation due to the COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus in 2021 (85 people) and during martial law in April 2023 (106 people). Results. The proportion of the group of teachers with a low level of occupational burnout increased and was 2.22 times higher than the similar group of teachers during the period of social isolation (30.97±3.35)%, t=8.04, p≤0.001), which may indicate a possible decrease in the influence of professional stressors and an actualization of the feeling of uncertainty, constant anxiety, fear for one’s own life and the lives of loved ones, which is due to the military situation in the country. In conditions of social isolation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, average (48.24±3.36)% t=9.54, p≤0.001) and low (41.18±3.31)% t=7.83, p≤0.001) levels of occupational burnout prevailed. Under the conditions of martial law, the manifestations of occupational burnout changed: the proportion of the group of teachers with a low level of occupational burnout increased and was 2.22 times higher than the similar group of teachers during the period of social isolation (30.97±3.35)%, t=8.04, p≤0.001), which may indicate a possible decrease in the influence of professional stressors and an actualization of the feeling of uncertainty, constant anxiety, fear for one’s own life and the lives of loved ones, which is due to the military situation in the country. If during the period of isolation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, a high level of occupational burnout significantly prevailed among teachers under the age of 40 (55.56±5.38)%), then during the period of martial law, a high level of occupational burnout was mainly registered among teachers of the older age group (up to 50 – (42.86±4.81)%). In general, (76.02±3.09)% of the surveyed teachers defined their health status as satisfactory, (16.29±2.67)% as unsatisfactory, and only (7.69±1.93)% of respondents as excellent. Among the interviewees in the group with unsatisfactory self-assessment of health, teachers of the age groups «under 50» and «over 50» predominated (36.11±3.47)% and (30.56±3.33)%, respectively) compared to the groups «up to 30» – (8.33±1.99)% and «up to 40» – (25.00±3.13)%, which can be explained by the natural accumulation over the years of functional abnormalities and chronic pathology. The leading complaints, regardless of social conditions and levels of occupational burnout, were complaints of headaches, palpitations, sleep disturbances, and increased blood pressure. Conclusions. The established results of the study require further improvement of the assessment of the components of mental health among teaching staff in conditions of martial law and the development of hygienic recommendations for the prevention of occupational burnout in various social conditions of the labor process.